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Swiss genetics

SUISAG has built up an independent and at the same time unique breeding program with pig producers over recent decades. Breeders are provided with a high-quality range of E. coli resistant dam and sire line genetics. Sows are particularly suitable for free farrowing, which has been standard in Switzerland for over 10 years.

  • Damlines
  • Sireline

The two SUISAG damlines “Swiss Large White” and “Swiss Landrace” are characterised by their good fertility and their very good mothering ability.

With a proportion of almost 50%, the breeding focus is placed on the field of reproduction.

  • optimum litter sizes
  • few under­weight piglet
  • low suckling piglet losses
  • short weaning to oestrus interval
Schweizer Edelschwein (ES)
Swiss Large White

Behaviour

  • suitable for group housing, very sociable and calm
  • excellent for free farrowing pens

Fertility/piglets

  • good litter sizes (13 – 14 NBA on average)
  • very good mothering abilities, low piglet losses

Health

  • completely homozygous E. coli F18 resistant (oedema disease)
  • E. coli F4 resistant breeding animals available
  • excellent teats, outstanding teat disposition
  • good longevity , high lifetime performance

Performance properties

  • inherits very good finishing and carcass performance to its offspring

  

Data taken from the Swiss herdbook – yearly evaluation in 2020

Reproduction per sow & yearSwiss Large White breed averageBest quarter of Swiss Large White breed
Number of breeding sows9'0843'335
Number of litters2.352.4
Number of piglets born alive30.932.52
Number of weaned piglets27.5929.49

Breeding practice

  • very large breeding population in Switzerland
  • 20,000 litters per year as a database for daily genetic evaluation
  • new AI boars from targeted elite matings and central SUISAG boar rearing
  • rigorous selection based on genomically optimized breeding values

 

Breeding goal of Swiss Large White

Schweizer Landrasse (SL)
Swiss Landrace
  • suitable for group housing

Fertility/piglets

  • high fertility >14 NBA
  • good mothering abilities
  • fast-growing piglets, many weaned piglets

Health

  • E. coli F18 resistant boars available
  • excellent teats
  • good conformation, well-built
  • good longevity, high lifetime performance

Performance properties:

  • inherits good finishing and carcass performance to its offspring with very good feed conversion

  

Data taken from the Swiss herdbook – yearly evaluation in 2020

Reproduction per sow & yearSwiss Landrace breed averageBest quarter of Swiss Landrace breed
Number of breeding sows1’457398
Number of litters2.372.39
Number of piglets born alive30.7831.45
Number of weaned piglets26.9628.39

 Breeding practice

  • high-performance breeding population in Switzerland
  • daily estimation of breeding values for litter size, piglet quality and piglet survival as well as finishing and carcass performance
  • new AI boars from elite matings and central SUISAG boar rearing
  • most boars are homozygous E. coli F18 resistant (oedema disease)

 

 

Breeding goal Swiss Landrace

The sireline is geared towards optimum finishing and carcass performance. Meat and fat quality also play a central role. SUISAG terminal sires are tested extensively for many characteristics from the breeding to production stages. They must undergo extensive fullsib performance and progeny tests. Only homozygous stress-resistant end products are used in Switzerland, which leads to enhanced meat quality. Sirelines are systematically bred and selected on homozygous E. coli F18 and F4.

The SUISAG range of semen includes the three sire lines: Premo®, Duroc and Piétrain.

Edelschwein PREMO®
PREMO®

Meat quality

  • outstanding meat and fat quality
  • 100% stress resistant (N/N)
  • optimum intramuscular fat content of about 2%
  • very low drip loss

Productivity

  • high daily gains
  • uniform carcasses
  • very good feed conversion

Health

  • homozygous E. coli F18 and F4 resistant boars available
  • low frequency of piglets with defects
  • healthy finishing piglets
  • good conformation of boars and their finishing pigs

Breeding practice

  • independent breeding with the largest range of AI boars in Switzerland
  • intensive and comprehensive performance testing
  • rigorous selection based on genomically optimized breeding values
  • various meat quality features in the breeding aim (36% of the breeding goal)
    • Intramuscular fat content
      is the fat within the muscle meat. The veins of fat in the muscle flesh, which become visible as marbling, are responsible for the taste and delicacy. On average, Swiss pork reaches the ideal intramuscular fat of 2 to 2.5% where a marbling of fat is still just about visible.  
    • pH value
      Living muscles can store carbohydrates. After slaughter, these carbohydrates are slowly converted into lactic acid. The acidity in the meat is measured as a pH value. The acid in the meat prevents bacteria from spoiling the meat and aids meat maturation. The pH value is measured after 1.5 hours and 24 hours and is bred to improve the water binding properties of the meat.
    • Loin pigment content
      In addition to the pH values, the colour of the meat also provides an indication of whether meat defects such as PSE or DFD are present. In addition, the colour of the meat can be of great importance as a visible quality feature for the customer’s decision to purchase.
    • Drip loss
      About 75% of the muscle mass consists of water. Each piece of meat loses a portion of this water without external influence (drip loss). The less water is lost, the better the quality of the meat will be. Not only does meat with insufficient water binding properties look unattractive, it also leads to losses during further processing (weight loss) and, moreover, can affect the delicacy of the prepared meat. In the case of PREMO® offspring, drip loss is around 4%.

  

Breeding goal PREMO®

Average offspring performance from the end product test of the active SUISAG AI boar according to boar breed (03.01.2023)

breedtest station at Sempachslaughterhouse
pigsDGFCMEMIMFDLpigsADGLMC
PREMO®21210332.4257.31.902.73130866757.7
SWISS Duroc14910242.5256.11.992.74110566756.5
SWISS Pietrain1609732.4460.81.493.4688563957.7

test station = MLP at Sempach, DG = daily gain on test, FC = feed conversion, Loin = size of the loin, IMF = intramuscular fat content in the loin, DL = drip loss, ADG = daily gain from birth to slaugther, LMC = lean meat content

 

Only the results of AI boars which have at least 30 descendants with slaughterhouse data and 4 test animals from the test station at Sempach are published here. The worst AI  boars based on the end product index (EPI) are slaughtered.

Duroc
Duroc

Meat quality

  • good meat quality
  • advantageous fat marbling
  • homozygous stress resistant

Productivity

  • fast growing piglets
  • robust finisher pigs
  • fast growing pigs

Piétrain
Piétrain

Quantity/quality of meat

  • high lean meat content and loins
  • low fat cover
  • homozygous stress resistant

Productivity

  • suitable for ad libitum pig feeding

Swiss breeding program – key issues

SUISAG is committed to a strong Swiss breeding program. With its specialised dam and sire lines, breeding-related issues focus on treating key issues and developing them further.

Genomically optimised estimation of breeding values

The performance of an animal is influenced by its genes (DNA). Every breeder wants to know as early and as precisely as possible which animals have the best genes so that the next generation can be produced with these breeding animals.

Information about an animal’s genetic disposition is obtained through an estimation of breeding values.  The performance of the animal itself, its relatives and possible descendants is taken into consideration. In the genomically optimized estimation of breeding values, such performance data is also supplemented with direct information about the genes of the animal. For this purpose, the DNA of the animals is read at 60,000 positions (single-nucleotide polymorphism, SNP).

Due to this SNP data, young, untested full siblings also receive different genomically optimised breeding values because the DNA of the full siblings is different. Hence the use of genomically optimised breeding values means that animals can be selected in a better and more well-founded way for breeding purposes

MLP Gesundheit
Genetic resistance to E. coli F18 and F4 bacteria

In the Swiss Large White dam line, all active AI boars have long been homozygous resistant.

Moreover, breeding and selection in the sirelines has also focused systematically on homozygous E. coli F18 resistance for several years; and recently on E. coli F4 resistance.

Coli bacteria attach themselves to the intestinal wall of the piglets. They secrete their toxins into the bloodstream of the animal, causing the piglets to fall ill.

The various coli bacteria attach themselves in different ways. In technical language, this is referred to as “fimbriae type”. Coli bacteria of fimbriae type 18 (F18) are one of the main causes of oedema disease or deduction.

In the 1990s, the Swiss University for Science and Technology Zurich discovered a natural mutation in the pig genome. In the case of homozygous animals (CF18 = A/A), the intestinal wall is slightly different to that of susceptible pigs. As a result, E. coli F18 bacteria can no longer attach themselves to the intestinal wall of resistant piglets.

With DNA typing, direct checks can be carried out in the genes of the piglet to ascertain whether it is resistant to E. coli F18 bacteria. In the nucleus breeding farms, the results of these genotypings are included in subsequent selection decisions and breeding measures are taken specifically to counter the susceptible allele.

All active AI boars in the Swiss Large White line have long been homozygous resistant; this is now also true of the entire sow population.

A systematic early genotyping of piglets also takes place in the Landrace breed. As a result, most boars and about 50% of the gilts are now homozygous resistant.

Moreover, breeding and selection in the sirelines has also focused systematically on homozygous E. coli F18 resistance for several years; and recently on E. coli F4 resistance. Today, only homozygous E. coli F18 resistant PREMO® boars (A/A) and increasingly homozygous E. coli F4 resistant boars are purchased for AI use. Some homozygous resistant boars also feature in the SUISAG Duroc and SUISAG Piétrain breeds.

Selection based on E. coli F4 resistance commenced in the PREMO®, Duroc and Piétrain breeds in 2018.

Fleischqualität
Meat quality

A key feature of Swiss pig breeding is its strong focus on meat quality.

Meat quality properties were first included in breeding goals in the 1970s. Systematic stress remediation of Swiss pig breeds, the increase in intramuscular fat content (IMF) and the reduction of drip loss (DL) are important milestones on the path to achieving an even higher quality of Swiss pork. Additional features are considered in pursuing this quality strategy.

Meat quality - measurement and breeding activities:

  • intramuscular fat content
  • drip loss
  • pH
  • meat colour
  • fat quality
  • tenderness
  • cooking loss

Each year at the Sempach test station (MLP), various meat quality characteristics are routinely recorded from over 3,500 tested slaugthered pigs in order to allow them to be incorporated into the estimation of breeding values.

PREMO® is a terminal sireline with enormous focus on meat quality. It is therefore ideal for quality meat labels.

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SUISAG
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CH-6204 Sempach
+41 41 462 65 50
+41 41 462 65 49
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SUISAG

Allmend 10 | CH-6204 Sempach

Tel-Nr.: +41 41 462 65 50

info@suisag.ch

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